SoAutoThresholdingProcessing engine
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#include <ImageViz/Engines/ImageSegmentation/Binarization/SoAutoThresholdingProcessing.h>
Classes | |
class | SbAutoThresholdingDetail |
Results details of threshold by automatic segmentation. More... | |
Public Types | |
enum | ObjectLightness { BRIGHT_OBJECTS = 0, DARK_OBJECTS = 1 } |
enum | ThresholdCriterion { ENTROPY = 0, FACTORISATION = 1, MOMENTS = 2 } |
enum | RangeMode { MIN_MAX = 0, OTHER = 1 } |
Public Member Functions | |
SoAutoThresholdingProcessing () | |
Public Attributes | |
SoSFEnum | computeMode |
SoSFEnum | objectLightness |
SoSFImageDataAdapter | inGrayImage |
SoSFVec2f | intensityRangeInput |
SoSFEnum | thresholdCriterion |
SoSFEnum | rangeMode |
SoImageVizEngineOutput < SoSFImageDataAdapter, SoImageDataAdapter * > | outBinaryImage |
SoImageVizEngineAnalysisOutput < SbAutoThresholdingDetail > | outResult |
The SoAutoThresholdingProcessing engine computes an automatic threshold on a gray level image.
This engine computes an automatic threshold on a grayscale image i.e. separate the image in 2 classes of pixels. Three methods of classification are available: Entropy, Factorisation or Moments. The computed threshold is provided in the SbAutoThresholdingDetail object.
Entropy
The entropy principle defines 2 classes in the image histogram by minimizing the total classes' entropy, for more theory the reader can refers to references [1] and [2]. Considering the first-order probability histogram of an image and assuming that all symbols in the flowing equation are statistically independent, its entropy (in the Shannon sense) is defined as:
Where is the number of grayscales,
the probability of occurrence of level and
is the log in base 2.
Let us denote the value of the threshold and
the search interval. We can define two partial entropies:
Where defines the probability of occurrence of level in the range
and
defines the probability of occurrence of level
in the range [t+1,I2]. We search the threshold value
which minimizes the sum
:
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Factorization
The factorization method is based on the Otsu criterion (see [3] for details), i.e. minimizing the within-class variance:
Where and
are respectively the probabilities occurrence
and
, the variances of classes
and
.
A faster and equivalent approach is to maximize the between-class variance:
The within-class variance calculation is based on the second-order statistics (variances) while the between-class variance calculation is based on the first order statistics (means). It is therefore simplest and faster to use this last optimization criterion. We then search the value which maximizes the between-class variance such as:
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Moments
The moment SoAutoThresholdingProcessing uses the moment-preserving bi-level thresholding described by W.H.Tsai in [4]. Moments of an image can be computed from its histogram in the following way:
Where is the probability of occurrence of grayscale
. For the following we note
the original grayscale image and
the threshold image. Image
can be considered as a blurred version of an ideal bi-level image which consists of pixels with only two gray values:
and
. The moment-preserving thresholding principle is to select a threshold value such that if all below-threshold gray values of the original image are replaced by
and all above threshold gray values replaced by
, then the first three moments of the original image are preserved in the resulting bi-level image. Image
so obtained may be regarded as an ideal unblurred version of
. Let
and
denote the fractions of the below-threshold pixels and the above-threshold pixels in
, respectively, then the first three moments of
are:
And preserving the first three moments in , means the equalities:
To find the desired threshold value , we can first solve the four equations system to obtain
and
, and then choose
as the
-tile of the histogram of
. Note that
and
will also be obtained simultaneously as part of the solutions of system.
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[1] T.Pun, Entropic thresholding: A new approach, comput. Graphics Image Process. 16, 1981, 210-239
[2] J. N. Kapur, P. K. Sahoo, and A. K. C. Wong, "A New Method for Gray-Level Picture Thresholding Using the Entropy of the Histogram" Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing 29, pp. 273-285, Mar. 1985
[3] Otsu, N. 1979. A thresholding selection method from grayscale histogram. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics9(1): 62-66
[4] Tsai, W. H. 1985. Moment-preserving thresholding: A New Approach. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 29: 377-393
SoAdaptiveThresholdingProcessing.
computeMode | MODE_AUTO |
objectLightness | BRIGHT_OBJECTS |
inGrayImage | NULL |
intensityRangeInput | 0.0f 255.0f |
thresholdCriterion | ENTROPY |
rangeMode | MIN_MAX |
SoAutoThresholdingProcessing::SoAutoThresholdingProcessing | ( | ) |
Constructor.
Select the compute Mode (2D or 3D or AUTO) Use enum ComputeMode.
Default is MODE_AUTO
The input grayscale image.
Default value is NULL. Supported types include: grayscale image.
The input intensity range.
Default value is SbVec2f(0.0f,255.0f).
Select the lightness mode for object to detect.
Use enum ObjectLightness. Default is BRIGHT_OBJECTS
SoImageVizEngineOutput<SoSFImageDataAdapter,SoImageDataAdapter*> SoAutoThresholdingProcessing::outBinaryImage |
The output binary image.
Default value is NULL. Supported types include: binary image.
The thresholding results.
Default value is NULL.
Select the input intensity range mode.
Use enum RangeMode. Default is MIN_MAX
The criterion to detect thresholds on histogram.
Use enum ThresholdCriterion. Default is ENTROPY